wālī ʾAdhraʿāt (taʿrīf) There is the seat of government of the one who rules over the entire Ṣafaqa, this ruler sometimes is an amir of forty, who is appointed by the nāʾib ash-Shām, and sometimes he is a muqaddam ʾalf, who is appointed by the sultanic gates. One of the kātibs al-dast of Damascus informed me that when he was a muqaddam ʾalf, he was called kāshif al-kushshāf, and when he was an amir of forty, he was called wāli l-wulāt, which happens most.